Planning- a module to improve presentation skills

 

Introduction:-

It pays to plan ahead. It wasn't raining when Noah built the ark.

           Planning is the most important component for business. Lacking in Planning is the key to failure. So the effective planning is always amiable. But, when we are doing so, we face a kind of convenient distraction.

          A presentation should be viewed as a product to be delivered to important customer, audience. So it's going too offering to develop it very carefully with specific requirements. As a beginning to the planning, we get the key points through the TIPS module. We can find many ways to prepare special, offering and convenient presentation, doesn't matter if they are external buyers or internal colleagues. So, here is TIPS module in a very unique content to prepare presentation.

TIPS - A New Approach to International Presentation

T - Getting the Target right

I - Selecting the right Information

P - Organising the Process

S - Knowing your presentation Style

   

                    The starting point for the effectiveness for any international presenter is to develop sensitivity to their own approach and it's potential consequences for audience. TIPS is an audience centred framework to help to prepare international presentation.

T - Target:-

           Presenters often selet the wrong target or objective. Most make the mistake of thinking that they simply have to give information. In fact, they often need to motivate; to convince to persuade or to listen. So, it becomes too necessary to select the right presentation target to achieve business goals. When we are presenting ourselves to the audience, we have to keep a kind of clarity in target. The opening minutes should be impactful, because clarity in communication make your audience acquainted why the presentation is important for them and how.

 So... Here is an ABC approach, which can be useful to opening presentation.,

★ A - Audience first :- show an understanding of the audiences circumstances

★ B - Be personally involved :- Indentify with your audience personally

★ C - Clear business logic :- Show that the presentation objectives are based on your and their professional needs

          So, it is too necessary to define a target in line with your needs and audience needs. Show personal commitment to meeting needs of audience at the starting of presentation.

I - Information:-

           Communication doesn't mean to transfer simple information. Presenters always face the challenges that their information will be viewed and interpreted in a number of ways by different audience members.

             Sometimes the reaction of presentation become quite mixed, because the various members of the audience have quite different expectations about information. It might satisfy or might disappoint some according to their way of thinking. In international business, we can see, there are significant differences in the way in which information is viewed.

           Selecting the right information level for presentation depends on understanding the different perspectives which international audiences have about "information". To select information, we need to know what they think about four key areas:

1. Analysis
2. Hierarchy
3. Group
4. Openness 

★ Analysis:- 

   The first thing is to balance action and analysis. Moving too quickly to action will be understood by some audience as un professional. However, presenting too much data for the purpose of analysis will irritate many other audience and could reduce commitment to proposal.

★ Hierarchy:-

   For business, it is very necessary to know how to make or present the presentation. In hierarchical context it is important not to overstep authority, particularly when analysing bed results or making recommendations for change.

★ Group:-

  Presenter should not be tooindividualistic, because it can tend to give information in form of strong personal opinions. Instead they may prefer to stress the "we" and be more invisible as a personality when presenting data to avoid accusations of self promotion.

★ Openness:-

   Presenters who use language such as must,can't or impossible may be seen as persuasive, powerful or competent professionals, it may be seen as lack of openness, particularly during the discussion of more controversial issue. Selecting the right information "packaging" is a key to presentation success.

P - Process:-

                  A presentation can be viewed as a kind of process, with specific steps, each having to be managed effectively for the presentation to be successful. Presenters have to make sure basic logistics are in place at the venue to avoid technical disaster. So logistic plan is more erquirable. Presenters have to leave no doubt about technical needs. Go through in plenty of time to test equipment.

          All presentations have a beginning, a middle and an ending. For a presentation to run smoothly, international presenters need to manage five critical process factors correctly.,

1. The involvement factor
2. The organisation factor
3. Personal factor
4. Language factor
5. Non - verbal facto

                    The presentation doesn't stop as audience applause dies down. Often this when the really hard work begins to get your ideas implemented, to track the change which you have recommended or simply to consolidate new relationship in the larger term.

S - Style:-

        The final element of presentation plan is to know your own personal communication style. The first element is to analyse your own communication style. The second element is national stereotypes and communication style. The second step is quite dangerous, but they provides useful ideas about communication style. Many professionals takle it by opely discussing the issue in order to make style more transparent to others.

            Across cultures politeness can mean very different things. Sociologists have identified two important types of politeness.,

1. Positive politeness :-

   It means we communicate that we like the person we are talking to: we smile, we change our behaviour, we ask a lots of questions to show interest and engagement with the person.

2. Negative politeness:-

   It means equally polite, means being more reserved, talking less, giving the other person more space and time. It is more important to just be youself.

Conclusion:- 

                   Thus, the planning for the presentation becomes too essential to make an impact in presentation by TIPS module. It is the module which is used before planning the presentation to make it strong and powerful.

Thanks for visiting..

The Organs of the Speech

★ Introduction:-

                         Linguistic is a systematic study of language. Phonetic is a branch of linguistic and it is the branch dealing with the medium of speech. It deals with the  production, transmission and reception of the sounds of human speech. For the speech sounds, various organs of our body works. It is called "Organs of Speech"

                        "The air that we breath out comes out of the lungs. Before it gets into outer atmosphere, various organs in our body convert it into speech sound. These are called as the Organ of the speech."

                All the organs of speech not only work for the production of speech, but also do the other work as well. The lungs, the vocal cords, the tongue, the teeth and the lips are some of the organs that described commonly in phonetic as a organs of speech. The lungs are necessary for breathing, the vocal cords shut tightly and thus prevent food from entering the windpipe, the tongue is used for differentiating tastes, the tooth are used for chewing food and so on. 

    

               The organs of speech can be divided into three groups:-

1. The Respiratory system
2. The Phonatory system
3. The Articulatory system

 ★1. The Respiratory system:-          

             The Respiratory system contains the Lungs, the Muscles of the chest and the Windpipe (Trachea). 

Click here to read about the Respiratory System

★2. The Phonatory system:-

         The Phonatory system contains the Larynx.

                   

       The Larynx is called "Adam's Apple", situated at the top of the windpipe. The air from the lungs has to come out through the windpipe and the larynx. In the larynx, are situated two lip like structure, called the vocal cords. These are placed horizontally from the front to back. They are attached in front and can be separated at the back.

       The vocal cords can be opened and closed and when two cords come very close to each other, the glottis will be shut completely. In fact when we swallow food or water, the vocal cords shut the glottis and thus prevents food or water from entering the windpipe.

             When we breath in and out, the vocal cords are drawn wide and thus the glottis is open. The air enters the lungs or gets out of the lungs through the wide open glottis. When we produce some speech sounds, the vocal cords are wide apart and the glottis is open. Such sounds produced with wide-open glottis are called "Voiceless sounds or Breathed sounds". The first sound in the english words Peel, Ten, Keen, Chin, Fine, Thin, Shine and Hat are voiceless sounds.

                During the production of certain speech sounds, the vocal cords are loosely held together and pressure of the air from lungs makes them open and close rapidly. This is called Vibration of the vocal cords. When the sound produced when vocal cords vibrate are called "Voiced sounds".  All the sounds in the english words Bead, Deed, Girl, Judge, Vine, Then, Zoo, Measure, Need, Wing, Red, Yard and Well are Voiced sounds.

               The vibration of vocal cords is important for another factor, too. The rate at which the vocal cords vibrate is called "Frequency of vibration of vocal cords" and this determines the Pitch of the voice.

 

             We can decide whether the sound is voiced or voiceless by having one or two simple experiments. If we produce a sound and place our fingers lightly on the Adam's Apple, during its production our fingers feel the vibration of vocal cords, the sound produced is voiced sound. If the produced is voiceless, our fingers will feel nothing.

For instance; 

                If we produce a prolonged SSSSS (prolonged hissing sound) with our fingers on Adam's apple. Then if we say prolonged ZZZZZ (prolonged buzzing sound), during the production of ZZZZZ, our fingers will feel vibration of vocal cords. They will feel no such thing during the production of SSSSS. The hissing sound is voiceless and the buzzing sound is voiced. 

★3. The Articulatory System:-

                           

              The Articulatory system comprises the teeth ridge, the hard palate, the soft palate and uvula.

            

              The convex body part of the roof of the mouth which is lies immediately behind the upper front teeth is called the Teeth ridge. It is also called the Alveolar ridge or Alveolum. Immediately after the teeth ridge, the roof of mouth becomes concave and it is hard and bony. This bony concave surface is called the Hard-palate. The roof of mouth then suddenly becomes soft and fleshy. This is called the Soft-palate or the Velum. The fleshy structure hanging loose at the extreme end of the roof of the mouth, which is called the Uvula.

         

★ Oral sounds:-

                    The soft palate acts like a valve in opening and closing nasal passage of air. If the soft palate is raised therefore it touches the back wall of pharynx, thus the nasal passage of air is completely blocked. The air than can't escape through the nose. During production of the sounds, if the air escape through the mouth are called Oral sounds. All the sounds in English words Peel, Bag, Saw, Date and Bush are oral sounds. The closure of nasal passage of air by raising the velum is called Velic closure.

★ Nasal sounds:-

                  If the soft palate is lowered, the passage of the air opens into the nose is opened. If the passage of the air into mouth is blocked, the air from the lungs will escape into the outer atmosphere only through the nose. During the production of sounds, if the air escape only through the nose is called Nasal sounds. The sounds in the English words Sum, Sung and Sun are Nasal sounds. By lowering the soft palate, there is a valic opening and thus the nasal passage is opened.

★ Nasalised sounds:-

    

           There are certain sounds, during articulation of that soft palate is lowered and there is opening of nasal passage of air. But oral passage of air is not blocked and therefore both the nasal and oral passage are open. The air from the lungs then escape simultaneously through the nose and the mouth. Such sounds are called nasalised sounds. Last sound in the French word Ban(good) and the vowel in Hindi words like आँख(eye) and ऊंट(camel) are the examples of nasalised sounds.

                  To assure, whether the sound is nasal or oral, we can block the nostrils while articulating the sound. If the sound stops, the sound is Nasal. If we can continue to produce the sound even after blocking the nostrils, the sound is Oral. Prolonged SSSS sound is Oral sound and prolonged MMMM sound is Nasal sound.

★ Conclusion:-

  

                    Thus, the speech sound includes various organs of our body. Through the function of the organs, we can produce speech sounds. All these are responsible for the various speech sounds in every language in a different ways.

Thanks for Visiting...

 

The Air-Stream Mechanisms

THE AIR-STREAM MECHANISM    

                  To produce speech sound we need an air-stream. Through the experiment we can understand that how it works. When we say ''Ah'' for a long time in whisper, and put our palm in front of mouth, we feel warm air in our palm, which come out from the mouth. When we say ''Baa'' again in whisper and say Ah and baa alternatively for several time, we can see while  producing Baa, we close our lips and it prevents air temporarily and when we open lips the air continues to flows out. It modified into speech sound by the movement of organs of our body. It is called Air-stream Mechanism, it can be also called by A Moving of current air. Lung-air is used for most of the speech sound. So, let's look at the respiratory mechanism.

RESPIRATORY MECHANISM:-

                   Respiratory system consists of the lungs, the muscles of the chest and the windpipe (called trachea).

                  The lungs are spongy bodies. They are made up of small secs called Alveoli. In this secs the blood is cleaned of its carbon dioxide and provide fresh oxygen from the outer air. The air is supplied to the Alveoli by small tubes called the bronchioles. It come together into two large tubes called the Bronchi, one situated on the right and the other on the left. It join the trachea(windpipe). Through the windpipe the air that we breath in passed through the throat into the lungs. Respiration involves two processes - taking outer air into the lungs called inspiration and throwing out air from the lungs into outer atmosphere called expiration. Expiration is the basis for the articulation of most of the speech sounds. For this reason the air stream involving lung-air which is calles as Pulmonic air- stream. 

                   An air stream is produced by an air-stream mechanism. it is works in exactly the same way as a flit-gun. When we speak, something like the plunger in a flit-gun is in operation, working in the same way as the plunger does in a flit-gun. This is called the initiator. The air stream is set in motion by the initiator, just as the liquid in a flit-gun is set in a motion by the plunger.

 There are three main air-stream mechanism...

1. Pulmonic air-stream mechanism

2. Glottic air-stream mechanism

3. Velaric air-stream mechanism

So... let's look at in deep of these three air-stream mechanism...

1. Pulmonic air-stream mechanism:- 

                      In all the languages a very large percentage of speech sounds use a pulmonic air-stream mechanism. It consists of the lungs and the respiratory muscles. The walls of the lungs act as the initiator. They are moved by respiratory muscles so that air is drawn into the lungs or pushed out of them. When the air stream mechanism is used to push air out, it is called Egressive and it is used to draw air in, it is called Ingressive. 

                 Most of the speech sounds make use of s pulmonic egressive air-stream mechanism. It is possible to speak using pulmonic ingressive air-stream mechanism, but no language uses this air-stream to produce speech sounds. We use this air-stream for yawning and snoring, but not for speaking. 

 2. Glottalic air-stream mechanism:-

                   The closed glottis acts as the initiator for this and the pharynx is used. For this reason some linguists refer to this air-stream as pharyngeal. Both egressive and ingressive glottalic air-stream mechanisms ar used by some languages of the world for articulation of speech sound. Among Indian languages Sindhi has sounds articulated with a glottalic ingressive air-stream mechanism. These sounds are called Implosives.

3. Velaric air-stream mechanism:-

                   During this air-stream mechanism, the back of the tongue is the initiator and the air in the mouth is set in motion. That's why, this is also called as the Oral air-stream mechanism. sOund produced with a velaric ingressive mechanism exit in several African languages; sound produced with velaric egressive air-stream mechanism do not exist in any language.

Let's wind up...

            So, the air-stream mechanism is very important to produce speech sounds. With help of certain organs of the body it produced the speech sounds. Inhale and Exhale also very important to modify sound.

Press release

 Press release on natural calamities

Ten modules to improve presentation skills

 

TEN MODULES:-

1. Effective planning using TIPS process

• T - Target
• I - Information
• P - Process
• S - Style

2. Structure of presentation to deliver Clear message with impact.

3. Start presentation effectively

    - feel confident & make a high impact start in first  three minutes.

4. Engage international audience

    - deliver an interesting message with interactive techniques.

5. Presentation style 

    - fulfill the needs of different international audience.

6. Voice and body language

   - how to speak and move

7. Multimedia visuals

  - simple tips on designing clearer slides for a stronger impact.                                                           

 - present financial data in new ways.

8. Closing the presentation and handling questions

  - tried and tested techniques.                 

  - deliver effective conclusion in English

9. Common presentation situation

   - analysing problems                                               

  - presenting a project                                                   

 - dealing with customers        

10. Comprehensive language guide for  presentation

   - bank of useful phrases

Press release

 

Press release on college activity:-

Dark Comedy - General introduction

 

                In English literature, there are many plays which do not belong to Romantic comedy, comedy of manners, Comedy of Humours and Sentimental comedy, which may not even be funny or amusing or cheerful but it generally go under the name of comedy. 

              Shakespeare's Measure for Measure and Eliot's The Cocktail Party both can be called comedies, but both have very little common with each other and even less with plays. Unhappy at having no readymade name to attach to this kind of play, critics and historians have used phrase like 'Tragi - comedy', 'Comic tragedy' and 'Dark comedy- black comedy'.

                   The best examples of the Dark comedy is Shakespeare's Measure for Measure and Troilus and Cressida. Both are cynical; bitter and unpleasant. 

                 Troilus and Cressida is not the sort of play from which one can gets many 'good laughs', though some modern producers have tried hard to make it so. Anti- heroic, anti- romantic Troilus makes fun of human greatness. 

        "No man is a hero of his valet".

                 The whole story is about war over beautiful Helen. Though it's a very complex one, it is called as comedy.

                   Measure for Measure is an interest study of a man, who would now be called a 'sexual psychopath'. It contains much discussion of serious moral and intellectual problems.

                     Look Back in Anger is one of the best of work of Osborne. It's like the artificial "drawing- room" comedies that have always popular in the commercial theatre. The subject of  Look Back in Anger is basically the hidden class war between those who have grown up in comfortable bourgeois homes and those who have fought their way up the social stairs by their own intelligence. After Look Back in Anger the phrase 'angry young man' became popular. 'kitchen sink drama' is a phrase used by those who perhaps saw the dark comedy of the time as a sign of imminent social revolution.

              Wesker is the most important writer of the dark comedy. His play The kitchen was actually set in the kitchen of a London restaurant and showed the relation both tragic and comic between the people working there. His three plays, Chicken soup with Barely, Roots and I am talking about Jerusalem are concerned with the same Jewish family from the east End of land. The trilogy shows a group of people who are basically loving and idealistic, trying in a small way to improve the world and build a better life for themselves, but generally defeated and frustrated by the hard facts of life and human nature. This trilogy seems have the unusual mixture of comedy and tragedy, social consciousness and human warmth which one finds in writers like chaucer, Shakespeare and Dickens.

           So, the Dark comedy generally means the mixture of comedy and tragedy. That is why it is called as a tragi- comedy.