Creativity & Creative Writing

Creativity and Creative Writing

What is Creativity?

Creativity is one of the most remarkable qualities of human beings. It is the force behind great works of art, scientific discoveries, technological innovations, and even simple everyday solutions. Whether it is an artist creating a masterpiece, an entrepreneur developing a groundbreaking product, or a student finding a unique way to solve a problem, creativity enables people to see possibilities beyond the ordinary.

Creativity, or creativeness, may be defined as a mental process involving the generation of new ideas or concepts, or new associations between existing ideas and concepts. The products of creative thought, often referred to as divergent thinking, are characterized by both originality and appropriateness. In simple terms, creativity involves producing something novel while ensuring that it remains meaningful and relevant.

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines creativity as “the ability to create,”(“CREATIVITY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster”) while the Cambridge Dictionary describes it as “the ability to produce or use original and unusual ideas.”(“CREATIVITY | English Meaning - Cambridge Dictionary”) These definitions highlight two essential aspects of creativity: innovation and imagination. Creativity is not limited to famous artists, writers, or inventors; it is present in everyday life. From designing a beautiful garden and preparing a unique recipe to solving workplace challenges, creativity shapes the way we interact with the world.

In the modern era, creativity has become increasingly important. Industries, educational institutions, and organizations actively seek creative thinkers who can generate fresh ideas and adapt to changing circumstances. Creativity encourages exploration, problem-solving, and personal expression, making it a vital skill for success in the twenty-first century.

Recent research by Green et al. (2024) explains creativity in three simple ways:

1. Creativity as a Process – the mental activity through which a person develops new ideas or solutions.
2. Creativity as a Person's Ability – the talent or tendency of an individual to think creatively and generate original ideas.
3. Creativity as a Product – the final outcome, such as a poem, painting, invention, or story that is both novel and useful.

Thus, creativity is not limited to artists or writers. It can be found in everyday life whenever people use their imagination to produce something original and meaningful. In creative writing, creativity helps writers transform thoughts, emotions, and experiences into engaging stories, poems, and other literary works. (Green et al.)

Figure 1. Distinguishing the Definitions of Creativity (from Green et al., 2024)

What is Creative Writing?

Creative writing is a form of writing that emphasizes imagination, originality, and artistic expression. Unlike technical, academic, journalistic, or business writing, it focuses on conveying thoughts, emotions, experiences, and ideas in an engaging and imaginative manner. Creative writing allows writers to explore the world through stories, poems, plays, and other literary forms while expressing their unique voice and perspective.

According to Christopher Sullivan, MFA and adjunct instructor in the Creative Writing and English Program at Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU), “Creative writing is any form of writing that exists outside of journalism, business writing or academic writing. It expresses an author's unique voice, writing style, thoughts and ideas in an engaging and imaginative manner.” This definition highlights the personal and expressive nature of creative writing.(What Is Creative Writing? | SNHU)

The Cambridge Dictionary defines creative writing as “the activity of writing stories, poetry, etc., or the stories, poems, etc. that are written.” This broad definition emphasizes the various literary forms through which creativity can be expressed.(CREATIVE WRITING | English Meaning - Cambridge Dictionary)

Similarly, Duke University describes creative writing as “a form of artistic expression that draws on the imagination to convey meaning through the use of imagery, narrative, and drama.” Unlike analytical or pragmatic forms of writing, creative writing relies on imagination and artistic techniques to communicate ideas and emotions. It includes genres such as 

Poetry, Fiction (novels and short stories), Drama, Scripts, Screenplays, and Creative non-fiction.

The textbook Creative Writing: A Beginner’s Manual further explains that creative writing is associated with originality of thought and expression and is distinguished by the central role of imagination. While some forms of writing aim primarily to present facts objectively, creative writing uses imagination and subjectivity to create meaningful and engaging literary experiences.(Delhi University)

Creative writing is not merely a natural talent; it also requires discipline, practice, perseverance, and extensive reading. Through creative writing, individuals can express their emotions, challenge social norms, preserve cultural experiences, and communicate universal human truths. Thus, creative writing serves as both an art form and a powerful medium of personal and social expression. 

References:

CREATIVE WRITING | English Meaning - Cambridge Dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/creative-writing?__cf_chl_f_tk=Hhx7sVpTQLrt7UygiAIJISaP2LkTCSAKQ3uuptYXxjo-1782990637-1.0.1.1-toKPX.5eumYljfDw4mIPplMMui3GAMxf49R1PhtlELM. Accessed 2 July 2026.

“Creativity.” Cambridge Dictionary, 1 July 2026, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/creativity.

“CREATIVITY | English Meaning - Cambridge Dictionary.” Cambridge Dictionary, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/creativity. Accessed 2 July 2026.

“Creativity - Wikipedia.” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity. Accessed 2 July 2026.

“CREATIVITY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster.” Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/creativity. Accessed 2 July 2026.

Delhi University. Creative Writing: A Beginner’s Manual. Pearson, 2008, https://www.amazon.in/Creative-Writing-Anjana-Neira-Dev-ebook/dp/B00A0OD38M.

Green, Adam E., et al. “The Process Definition of Creativity.” Creativity Research Journal, vol. 36, no. 3, July 2024, pp. 544–72. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2254573.

What Is Creative Writing? | SNHU. https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/liberal-arts/what-is-creative-writing. Accessed 2 July 2026.

 

Expert Lecture Review

 Expert Lecture On Economics by Hemilton Mahida

Ajit Bhil- https://ajitbhil.blogspot.com/2026/02/review-writing.html?m=1  

Sagar Rathva- https://sagarrathava.blogspot.com/2026/02/expert-lecture-about-economics.html 

Nagin Vasava- https://vasavanagin36.blogspot.com/2026/02/expect-lecture-in-economic.html

Krishna Konkani- https://krishnakonkani.blogspot.com/2026/02/review-writing.html

Piyush Vasava- https://piyushvasava12.blogspot.com/2026/02/expart-lecture-economics.html

Nayna Bhil- https://bhilnayna.blogspot.com/2026/02/experts-lectures-of-economics.html

Vaishali Rathva- https://vaishalirathva.blogspot.com/2026/02/blog-post.html

Suryadip Vasava- https://suryadipvsv2008.blogspot.com/2026/02/economics-experts-class.html

Mayuri Gamit- https://gamitmayuri.blogspot.com/2026/02/review-writing.html
Priyanka Rathva- https://pinkarathva.blogspot.com/2026/02/expert-lecture-in-economics.html
Chhaya Rathva- https://chhayarathva.blogspot.com/2026/02/expert-lecture-in-economics.html
Anjuli Bhil- https://anjulibhil.blogspot.com/2026/02/experts-lecture-economics.html
Saraswati Bhil- http://saraswatibhil.blogspot.com/2026/02/experts-lecture-economics.html

Ranjana Vasava- http://ranjanavasava.blogspot.com/2026/02/21.html 

Sneha Vasava- https://snehavsv.blogspot.com/2026/02/expert-lecture-on-skills-for-future.html 

Vaibhavi- https://vaibhavi914.blogspot.com/2026/02/skills-for-future-navigating-21s-century_0833807535.html 

Research Paper Presentation: Post/Apocalyptic Narratives in Contemporary Indo-Japanese Environmental Literature

International Conference (Hybrid Mode) on Post/Apocalyptic Narratives in Contemporary Indo-Japanese Environmental Literature

From 16th to 18th February 2026, I had the privilege of attending an International Conference (Hybrid Mode) on Post/Apocalyptic Narratives in Contemporary Indo-Japanese Environmental Literature, jointly organized by the Kobe Campus for Commerce and the School of Human Science and Environment, The University of Hyogo, Japan, in collaboration with the Department of English, Shri Govind Guru University, Godhra.

The keynote and plenary sessions offered insightful discussions on a wide range of Indo-Japanese literary works, focusing on environmental concerns, ecological crises, and apocalyptic imaginaries in contemporary literature. The sessions provided a rich interdisciplinary platform to explore how literature engages with environmental transformations and cultural responses to ecological challenges.

On 18th February, I, along with my research supervisor, Prof. Dilip Barad, presented a research paper titled “Mapping Human and Animal Migration in Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island: An Ecocritical Study through Digital Cartography.” The paper examined the use of digital cartographic tools to map narrative spaces and trace patterns of migration in Gun Island, thereby offering a spatial and ecological interpretation of the text. This approach aimed to demonstrate how digital humanities methodologies can deepen our understanding of literary narratives, especially in the context of migration and environmental change.

Here is the PPT:

mapping-human-and-animal-migration-in-amitav-ghosh-s-gun-island-pptxfrom Trushali Dodiya

Video Recording of the Presentation:

Certificate of Participation:

I am deeply grateful to my research guide, Prof. Dilip Barad sir, for his unwavering support, constant guidance, and intellectual encouragement throughout the process. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Vijay Magukiya sir for his consistent assistance during the conference, especially for his timely help in managing an unexpected technical issue during the presentation. My heartfelt thanks also go to my senior, Divya Sheta, for recording the session.

Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to the organizers for providing such a valuable platform to present my ongoing research and engage in meaningful academic exchange with scholars from diverse backgrounds.

Thank you...

Techniques for an Effective Scientific Presentation

Introduction

A scientific presentation is not merely a collection of slides. It is a structured explanation of a scientific study. The main purpose of a scientific presentation is to communicate a research question, describe how the study was conducted, present the findings, and explain the meaning of those findings.

An effective presentation enables the audience to clearly understand three essential aspects:

• What problem was studied
• How it was studied
• What was discovered

If these elements are communicated clearly, the presentation achieves its purpose.

1. Every Scientific Study Begins with a Question

All scientific research begins with a question. Examples include:

• Does organic fertilizer increase plant growth?
• Does temperature affect bacterial growth?
• Does exercise improve concentration?

In a scientific presentation, the research question should be introduced clearly before presenting data. The broader context of the topic should first be explained so that the audience understands the importance of the study.

For instance, in a study on fertilizer and plant growth, the presentation may begin by discussing the importance of plant growth in agriculture and food production. This establishes the relevance of the research.

After introducing the question, the hypothesis must be clearly stated. A hypothesis is a proposed answer to the research question. For example:

“Organic fertilizer increases plant growth more than chemical fertilizer.”

The hypothesis provides direction and focus for the entire presentation.

2. Beginning with the Big Picture and Background

The introduction should move from general information to specific details. This involves first explaining the broader topic and then narrowing the focus to the particular study.

Sufficient background information should be provided to help the audience understand the context of the research. However, it is not necessary to present excessive theoretical detail. Only information relevant to understanding the study should be included.

Important technical terms must be defined clearly. It should not be assumed that all audience members are familiar with specialized terminology or abbreviations.

For example, if the term “pH level” is used, it should be briefly explained before presenting related results.

3. Explaining the Methods Clearly

The methods section describes how the hypothesis was tested. This section allows the audience to evaluate the reliability and validity of the study.

When presenting methods:

• Steps should be described in logical order.
• Important materials and procedures should be mentioned.
• Unnecessary minor details should be avoided.

For example, instead of describing every measurement step in detail, the explanation may state:

“The plants were divided into three groups and their height was measured after 30 days.”

If the method differs from standard procedures, additional explanation should be provided. It should also be clarified why the chosen method was appropriate for answering the research question.

The connection between the experiment and the hypothesis should always be made clear.

4. Presenting Data Effectively

Clear data presentation is one of the most important aspects of a scientific presentation.

Instead of listing numbers, data should be organized using graphs or charts. Visual representations help the audience quickly identify patterns and comparisons.

For example:

• A bar graph may compare plant growth across different treatment groups.
• A line graph may illustrate changes over time.

When presenting a graph, the following should be explained:

• The meaning of the X-axis and Y-axis
• The significance of colors or symbols
• The pattern or trend shown in the data

Merely displaying a graph is insufficient. The data must be interpreted clearly. For example:

“This graph shows that plants treated with organic fertilizer grew 25% taller than the control group.”

Scientific studies often generate new questions. Briefly acknowledging possible future research directions strengthens the presentation.

5. Designing Slides Properly

Slides should support the speaker’s explanation rather than replace it. They should not contain long paragraphs of text.

Effective slides include:

• Short phrases
• Clear headings
• Large, readable fonts

Slides should avoid:

• Excessive colors
• Unnecessary animations
• Overcrowded content

A clean and simple design allows the audience to focus on the explanation. Reading directly from slides should be avoided. Instead, slides should function as visual support.

6. Managing Time and Delivery

Time management is essential in scientific presentations. A common guideline is approximately one minute per slide. For example, a ten-minute presentation may include about ten slides.

Practice is necessary to improve clarity, confidence, and timing. Rehearsal helps refine transitions and ensures the presentation remains within the allotted time.

Speech should be clear and moderately paced. Pauses may be used for emphasis. Eye contact with the audience enhances engagement and confidence.

Memorizing the entire script is unnecessary. Instead, the opening statement, main message, and closing sentence should be clearly prepared.

7. Giving a Strong Summary

The summary serves as the final opportunity to reinforce the main message of the presentation.

In the conclusion:

• The research question should be restated.
• The hypothesis should be recalled.
• The main findings should be summarized.
• The findings should be connected to the broader context.

For example:

“This study demonstrated that organic fertilizer significantly increases plant growth. These findings suggest that organic farming may contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.”

The presentation should conclude with acknowledgment of the audience and an invitation for questions.

Conclusion:

A scientific presentation follows a clear logical structure:

Big Idea → Question → Hypothesis → Method → Data → Conclusion

The purpose of a scientific presentation is not to display all available information. Rather, it is to communicate research clearly, logically, and effectively.

If the audience understands the study and remembers the central message, the presentation is successful.

References:

https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/scientific-presentations-2508032/2508032 

https://paperpile.com/g/make-scientific-presentation/

Communicating Scientific Data: Graphs, Tables, and Figures

Scientific research becomes meaningful only when it is communicated clearly. In science, data presentation is not just for decoration; it helps in analysis and understanding. The way data is arranged and displayed affects how well readers understand patterns, trends, comparisons, and relationships. This module explains how scientific data can be presented using text, tables, and figures.

Importance of Communicating Scientific Data

Scientific data may include measurements, observations, survey results, experimental findings, or statistical summaries. Even good research can look weak or confusing if the data is not presented properly.

Effective communication ensures:

• Clarity
• Accuracy
• Credibility
• Transparency
• Easy understanding

Researchers must decide whether data should be explained in text, shown in tables, or displayed through figures.

1. Text is useful when results are simple and can be explained in one or two sentences.
2. Tables are used when exact numerical values are important.
3. Figures are best when we want to show trends, patterns, or relationships.

Choosing the correct format improves understanding.

Tables in Scientific Communication

Tables arrange data in rows and columns. They help readers compare exact numbers easily. Tables are commonly used in lab reports, research papers, and survey studies.

Tables are especially useful for:

• Raw data
• Calculations
• Grouped observations
• Statistical results

Structure of a Good Table

• A proper table should include:
• Table number
• A clear title placed above the table
• Column headings with units
• Well-organized data

Tables should be numbered in the order they appear in the text (Table 1, Table 2, etc.), and they must be mentioned in the paragraph.

Example

Table 1. Effect of Light Intensity on Plant Growth

This table clearly shows that plant growth is highest in full sunlight and lowest without sunlight. Tables allow accurate comparison of numbers, which is difficult to show clearly in a paragraph.

Figures in Scientific Communication

• Figures include:
• Graphs
• Charts
• Diagrams
• Maps
• Photographs

Unlike tables, figures focus more on visual understanding rather than exact numbers. A good figure allows readers to quickly understand the main result.

Rules for Figures

• Each figure must have a number (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.).
• The caption should be placed below the figure.
• Axes must be labeled clearly.
• Units must be mentioned.
• The figure should be simple and clear.
• Figures must also be explained in the text. Never insert a figure without discussing it.

Graphs

1. Bar Graph 

Bar graphs are used to compare different categories. Each bar represents one category, and the height of the bar shows the value.

Bar graphs are useful when comparing separate groups in experiments.

Figure 1. Comparison of Yield Across Experimental Groups

For example, if Group B has the tallest bar and Group C has the shortest, we can quickly see which group performed better. The visual comparison makes differences easy to notice.

2. Line Graph 

Line graphs show changes over time or continuous data. The points are connected by a line, which shows trends clearly.

Figure 2. Plant Growth Over Time

For example, if plant growth increases each day, the line will move upward. This shows a steady increase. Line graphs help us understand trends and rates of change.

3. Histogram 

Histograms show how data is distributed over a range. They are used for continuous data, such as marks or ages.

Unlike bar graphs, histogram bars touch each other because the data represents intervals.

Figure 3. Distribution of Test Scores

If most bars are in the middle range, it shows that many values fall in that range. This helps us understand variation and distribution.

4. Scatter Plot 

Scatter plots show the relationship between two numerical variables. Each point represents one observation.

If the points move upward from left to right, it suggests a positive relationship. For example, as study hours increase, marks may also increase.

Figure 4. Relationship Between Study Hours and Marks

Scatter plots help identify correlation between variables.

Pie Chart Example

Figure 5. Percentage Distribution of Categories

Pie charts show proportions of a whole and must total 100%. They are suitable for representing percentage contribution.

 Ethical and Practical Considerations

• Scientific visuals must be honest and accurate.
• Do not change scales to exaggerate results.
• Always label axes clearly.
• Always include units.
• Avoid unnecessary design elements.
• Do not use too many colors or decorations.
• Tables and figures must be explained in the text. Simply inserting them is not enough. Writers must explain what the data shows and why it is important.

Conclusion

• Effective scientific communication depends on proper presentation of data.
• Tables provide exact numbers and accurate comparison.
• Figures help show trends and relationships.
• Text explains and interprets results.
• Clarity, simplicity, and accuracy are essential in all scientific data presentation.

Reference:

https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/figures-and-charts/ 

Expert Lecture: Skills for the Future: Navigating the 21st Century by Dr. Sahdev Luhar

Expert Lecture

On

Skills for the Future: Navigating the 21st Century

By Dr. Sahdev Luhar, Associate Professor, Central University of Gujarat

 Today, on 11th January, the School of Arts (English), Bista Munda Tribal University organized an expert talk titled “Skills for the Future: Navigating the 21st Century” delivered by Dr. Sahdev Luhar, Associate Professor at the Central University of Gujarat. The session aimed to equip students with essential skills that extend beyond classroom learning, enabling them to explore diverse fields and prepare themselves for a rapidly evolving world.

Sir emphasized that in the 21st century, flexibility and adaptability are crucial. He highlighted the importance of continuously updating oneself in response to advancements in technology, media, and other emerging domains. According to him, learners today must be open to acquiring multiple skills simultaneously to stay relevant in a dynamic global environment.

During the session, he discussed the 12 skills of 21st-century learners, commonly identified in educational research. These skills are broadly categorized into learning skills, literacy skills, and life skills. They focus on critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication, information literacy, media literacy, technology literacy, flexibility, leadership, initiative, productivity, and social skills. Together, these competencies prepare students to thrive in the digital age and succeed in an ever-changing workforce.

He also emphaised to have skills to seperate facts from fiction means to be aware of misinformation in the time of overloaded inforamtion. That's the basic literacy one should posess in the age of information.

He explained each skill with clear and practical examples, helping students understand their significance for the future. The session was highly interactive, with students actively participating by asking and answering questions, which made the discussion engaging and insightful.

The talk was organized by Dr. Pankaj Rathod sir, Assistant Professor of English. We extend our sincere gratitude to our respected Principal, Dr. Amit Kumar Dholakiya sir, for his constant support and encouragement. We are also deeply thankful to Dr. Sahdev Luhar sir for sharing his valuable insights and life skills with our students. 

We believe that the knowledge imparted during this session will serve as a guiding light in shaping their future careers.

Thanks for Reading...

Scientific Report

What is Scientific Report Writing?

Scientific report writing is a structured method of communicating research findings concisely and objectively, typically following the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) format.

Scientific reports have two primary goals:

1. To gather the information presented.

2. To know that the findings are legitimate.

The purpose of a science report is to clearly communicate your key message about why your scientific findings are meaningful. In order to do this, you need to explain why you are testing a hypothesis, what methodology you used, what you found, and why your findings are meaningful.

A scientific report should conform to the following general arrangement:

1. Title

2. Abstract

3. Introduction

4. Materials and Methods

5. Results

6. Discussion

7. References

TITLE: It should clearly and briefly indicate what the report is about. The title is never a complete sentence, and articles (a, an, the) are usually omitted. Use title case capitalisation.

ABSTRACT: It should be no longer than 200 words and should include the main objectives, findings (i.e., results), and conclusions. A reader should be able to grasp the full scope and significance of the work reported without having to read the entire report.

INTRODUCTION: It discusses the theoretical background to the investigation and places the present work in context. Relevant references should be cited and the reader’s attention moved from the general to the specific. The aims of the present study should be clearly stated at the end of the introduction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This section should include all information required for an exact repetition of the work performed. Since you are reporting on work already done, it is customary to use the PAST PASSIVE tense. Compare the following:

• PAST ACTIVE: We performed the experiment over three weeks.

• PAST PASSIVE: The experiment was performed over three weeks.

The methods should not be written as instructions to the reader, nor presented as an itemised list. Subheadings may be appropriate. For work conducted in class, a reference to the appropriate practical manual may be enough in this section.

RESULTS: It consists of data and some comments that draw attention to the most significant  aspects of the results. The data are usually presented in tables or graphs, but do not duplicate the data in different formats. Any comment on the results should be quantitative rather than just qualitative; that is, any comments should be backed up with data.

• NO The treatment was more effective.

• YES The treatment was 50% more effective.

DISCUSSION: It is usually the most important section of the report. It should include comments on the results, especially any unexpected results. The results should be compared to the standard value and be explained or justified in light of the original aims.

A scientific report moves from the general to the particular to the general. It begins in the Introduction section with the theory related to the experiment, moves on to the work carried out in the Methods and Results sections, and returns to general ideas in the Discussion section by discussing whether the results obtained are consistent or not with the theory. In many cases, it may be appropriate in the discussion to comment on the suitability of the method used in the experiment.

The conclusions are usually included in the discussion, but they can be separate. If they are separate, the discussion should be summarised and a comment made on the success, or otherwise, of the experiment.

REFERENCES: It should be an accurate listing of all the sources referred to. Entries must conform to the conventions of the referencing system used. Begin the list of references on a new page with the heading ‘References’ centred.

Formating a Report:

Fonts and spacing:

Font should be a minimum of 12 point and double line spacing is recommended unless otherwise specified. Titles and headings may be in bold font. A blank line is usually used between paragraphs, but no indentation is used.

Tables and figures

Tables, graphics, and photos are placed immediately after they are first referred to in the text.  Tables and figures (graphic and photos) should be sequentially numbered in a separate sequence  (i.e., Table 1, Table 2 and Figure 1, Figure 2). In large reports with many chapters, they are sequentially numbered in each chapter (i.e., for Chapter 2 you begin from Table 2.1 and Figure 2.1). In APA 7th style, titles for tables and figures are left aligned above the table. The source of the table or figure should also be included below the figure/table, usually in a smaller font (e.g., 10 point) and aligned at the left-hand margin.

References:

“Formatting Science Reports – The Writing Center – UW–Madison.” The Writing Center, https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/sciencereport/. Accessed 25 January 2026.

“Scientific Reports – The Writing Center.” The Writing Center, https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/scientific-reports/. Accessed 25 January 2026.

“Writing a Scientific Report.” University of New England, https://www.une.edu.au/library/students/academic-writing/write-essays-reviews-and-reports/write-reviews-reports-and-more/Scientific-report.pdf.